This lecture will focus on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Firstly, a patient case with elevated UACR and HbA1c will be shared to highlight the importance of early detection. Routine UACR screening in primary care is emphasized as a simple but essential step to identify kidney involvement early.

Secondly, key trial evidence will be reviewed. EMPA-KIDNEY demonstrated broad inclusion, enrolling patients down to eGFR 20 mL/min/1.73m², with data suggesting dialysis could be delayed by up to 26.6 years. EMPA-FIT showed reduced glycaemic variability was linked to lower cardiovascular mortality, complementing the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, which reported a 38% relative risk reduction in CV death.

The lecture will conclude by revisiting the initial patient case, sharing follow-up after several months on empagliflozin (Jardiance), to illustrate how trial evidence translates into meaningful improvements in real-world practice.